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Have you ever looked at your dog and wondered if their endless energy, inability to focus, or impulsive behaviour might be more than just a quirky personality trait?
For years, the idea of a dog having something like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been debated. Now, a team of Hungarian ethologists has developed the first-ever standardised system to help answer that question.
The new research, conducted at Eötvös Loránd University and published in the journal Scientific Reports, is a major step forward for both veterinary science and pet owners.
What Does Dog ADHD Look Like?
Just like in humans, ADHD-like behaviours in dogs aren't just about having a lot of energy. The research focuses on three key areas:
While many dogs show these behaviours, the key question is whether they negatively impact the dog's life. This is where the new diagnostic system really breaks new ground.
How Does the New System Work?
The Hungarian researchers used a tool called the “Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale” (DAFRS), which was given to the owners of 1,872 family dogs. This comprehensive scale goes beyond just listing symptoms. It looks at two crucial things:
The new research, conducted at Eötvös Loránd University and published in the journal Scientific Reports, is a major step forward for both veterinary science and pet owners.
What Does Dog ADHD Look Like?
Just like in humans, ADHD-like behaviours in dogs aren't just about having a lot of energy. The research focuses on three key areas:
- Inattention: Does your dog get easily distracted, have trouble concentrating on tasks, or seem to "space out"?
- Hyperactivity: Are they constantly fidgeting, moving, and difficult to calm down, even after a long walk?
- Impulsivity: Do they react rashly to new stimuli, jump on people without thinking, or have little self-control?
How Does the New System Work?
The Hungarian researchers used a tool called the “Dog ADHD and Functionality Rating Scale” (DAFRS), which was given to the owners of 1,872 family dogs. This comprehensive scale goes beyond just listing symptoms. It looks at two crucial things:
- Symptom Checklist: It measures the severity of the inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Functional Impairment: It assesses how much these behaviours interfere with the dog's daily life, such as their ability to learn, interact with their family, or get along with other dogs.
Out of the nearly 1,900 dogs studied, 79 dogs—about 4.2%—met this criteria. The study's lead researcher, Dr. Márta Gácsi, commented on this result, saying:
“This prevalence rate is surprisingly similar to what has been reported in adults with ADHD, while the prevalence is somewhat higher in children and adolescents.”
The new diagnostic system is a valuable tool for veterinarians and dog trainers. It helps them to:
- Move beyond guesswork: Instead of just treating a dog as "unruly," professionals can use this system to identify if the behaviours might be part of a larger issue.
- Create a clear path forward: Identifying at-risk dogs allows for more accurate and effective treatment and training plans, which can improve the well-being of both the dog and the owner.
- Rule out other problems: Since many behavioural issues can look similar, this multi-faceted approach—which also includes expert consultation and behavioural tests—helps ensure a correct diagnosis.
The researchers stress that the questionnaire alone isn't a final diagnosis, but it’s a crucial first step. If you suspect your furry friend may have these challenges, having an objective tool to start the conversation with your vet or a professional dog trainer is a fantastic step toward helping them live their happiest, healthiest life.
Reference
Csibra, B., Bunford, N. & Gácsi, M. Development of a human analogue ADHD diagnostic system for family dogs. Sci Rep 15, 25671 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09988-8
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